![]() ![]() Additionally, MoCA-Blind, that includes MoCA-30 subtests that do not require visual input and has a maximum possible score of 22, was developed to enable in-person cognitive screening of individuals with visual impairment. In that vein, subtest and domain norms in younger-old (older adults younger than 90 years) have been published for one of the most frequently used screening measures, the in-person Montreal Cognitive Assessment that has a maximum possible score of 30 (MoCA-30). In such situations, subtest and domain norms allow for evaluation of completed subtests. First, sensory and cognitive impairments make many of the oldest-old unable to complete all subtests of in-person screening measures, which makes calculation of the total score and its comparison to normative values impossible. However, cognitive testing of this age group is challenging. The equivalences of the three cognitive tests (MMSE, MoCA-30, MoCA-22) in the oldest-old will facilitate continuity of cognitive tracking of individuals tested with different tests over time and comparison of the studies that use different cognitive tests.Ĭognitive screening of the oldest-old (age 90 +) has become increasingly important, because this age group has the highest risk of dementia and its projected growth in the coming decades is rapid. Subtest, domain and MoCA-22 norms will aid in evaluation of the oldest-old who cannot complete the MoCA-30 or are tested over the phone. ![]() An MMSE score of 27 is equivalent to a MoCA-30 score of 22 and a MoCA-22 score of 16. MoCA-22 total score norms are: mean = 18.3(standard deviation = 2.2). Second, we derived score equivalences for MMSE to MoCA-30 and MoCA-22, and MoCA-30 to MoCA-22 using equipercentile equating method with log-linear smoothing, based on all 157 participants. These norms were derived from 124 participants with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥ 27. First, we derived norms for (1) subtests and cognitive domains of the in-person Montreal Cognitive Assessment having a maximum score of 30 (MoCA-30) and (2) the total MoCA-22 score, obtained from the in-person MoCA-30 by summing the subtests that do not require visual input to a maximum score of 22. Methodsĭata on 157 participants of the Center for Healthy Aging Longevity Study aged 90 + were analyzed. To provide norms and score equivalence for commonly used cognitive screening tests for the oldest-old. However, norms and score equivalence for screening tests are lacking for this group. This age group is the fastest growing and has the highest risk of dementia. It is answered by the patient, family, or caregiver to indicate the presence of cognitive impairment.Cognitive screening is important for the oldest-old (age 90 +). The questionnaire is useful to assess and monitor functional changes over time. The Functional Activities Questionnaire calculates the extent of the patient’s ability to engage in instrumental activities of daily living. Both anxiety and depression may affect cognitive assessment scores. This tool is a valid screening tool for gauging severity of generalized anxiety symptoms. More information about PHQ-9 can be found here. The PHQ-9 can be useful in clinical practice to assess depression severity and its symptoms. A score of greater than five indicates further evaluation. Score one point when the patient answer matches the test answer. The Geriatric Depression Scale can be useful for patients who have mild-to-moderate symptoms of dementia. Its use is granted by Washington University for clinical care purposes. No formal training is needed to administer the test. ![]() In combination with the Mini-COG, the AD8 is effective for detecting early cognitive change. The test consists of eight yes-or-no questions about changes in the person’s thinking, memory, and behavior. This brief 3-minute test was originally designed as an informant screening tool but has also been validated as a direct questionnaire for the patient. A one-hour Training & Certification module supports MoCA’s validity and was designed for busy medical professionals. Both an app and paper versions are available. It is easy to administer and score, and the results can be interpreted by the health provider with minimal training. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a quick and easy instrument that can be adapted for use in the clinical setting. This paper tool is helpful for clinics that serve linguistically diverse populations that have varying education levels. This validated short cognitive screening instrument is designed to reduce the impact of language and cultural differences on the results of screened individuals. Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) Training for use of this tool takes about ten minutes. This is a free tool and is available in many languages. The Mini-Cog is a three-minute instrument for the patient that consists of two components: a three-item recall test for memory and a clock drawing test. ![]()
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